Part 2 The Hollyland of the American Movie Industry---Hollywood 美国电影圣地---好莱坞

    In cinema's earliest days, the film industry was based in the nation's theatrical center, New York, and most films were made in New York or New Jersey, although a few were shot in Chicago, Florida, and elsewhere. Beginning in 1908, however, a growing number of filmmakers located in southern California, drawn by cheap land and labor, the ready accessibility of varied scenery, and a climate ideal for year-round outdoor filming.

    Contrary to popular mythology, moviemakers did not move to Hollywood to escape the film trust; the first studio to move to Hollywood, Selig, was actually a trust member.

    By the early 1920s, Hollywood had become the world's film capital. It produced virtually all films show in the United States and received 80 percent of the revenue from films shown abroad. During the '20s, Hollywood bolstered its position as world leader by recruiting many of Europe's most talented actors and actresses, like Greta Garbo and Hedy Lamarr, directors like Ernst Lubitsch and Josef von Sternberg, as well as camera operators, lighting technicians, and set designers,By the end of the decade, Hollywood claimed to be the nation's fifth largest industry, attracting 83 cents out of every dollar Americans spent on amusement.

    Hollywood had also come to symbolize "the new morality" of the 1920s--a mixture of extravagance, glamour, hedonism, and fun. Where else but Hollywood would an actress like Gloria Swanson bath in a solid gold bathtub or a screen cowboy like Tom Mix have his named raised atop his house in six foot high letters.

    加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市一区，位于市区西北郊。20世纪初，电影制片商在此发现理想的拍片自然环境，陆续集中到此，使好莱坞逐渐成为世界闻名的影城。1908年好莱坞拍出最早的故事片之一《基度山恩仇记》。1912年起相继建立制片公司，到1928年已形成派拉蒙等“八大影片公司”。三、四十年代是好莱坞的鼎盛时期，摄制了大量成为电影史上代表作的优秀影片，并使美国电影的影响遍及世界。同时好莱坞亦发展为美国一个文化中心，众多的作家、音乐家、影星及其他人土汇聚于此。第二次世界大战后，制片厂陆续迁出，许多拍片设施闲置或转手电视片制作商。60年代初，好莱坞成为美国电视节目的主要生产基地。

    区内名胜有“好莱坞碗”(天然圆形剧场)、“朝圣者”圆形剧场、希腊剧院、中国剧院、加利福尼亚艺术俱乐部等。许多新、老影星居住在附近的贝弗利山上。

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